O Impacto da Adaptação do Marketing-Mix na Imagem da Marca e na Confiança

Martine Cardoso, Catia Fernandes Crespo

Abstract


Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo é analisar fatores que os gestores considerem determinantes para definir o nível estratégico de adaptação do marketing-mix nos mercados-alvo internacionais, bem como analisar as consequências desta estratégia de adaptação. Pretende-se, por um lado, avaliar a influência exercida pela experiência de internacionalização empresarial e pela distância cultural na estratégia de adaptação dos diferentes elementos do marketing-mix, e por outro lado, analisar as consequências desta estratégia na imagem de marca e confiança dos consumidores.

Metodologia/abordagem: A recolha de dados foi efetuada através da aplicação de um questionário online dirigido a empresas exportadoras, tendo sido obtidas 117 respostas válidas. As hipóteses foram testadas com recurso a fontes de informação secundária, tendo sido utilizadas equações estruturais (SEM) estimadas no software PLS (Partial Least Squares).

Resultados: Os resultados sugerem que a experiência de internacionalização influencia positivamente a adaptação dos elementos produto e pessoas (colaboradores) do marketing-mix; que a distância cultural influencia positivamente a adaptação dos elementos preço e distribuição nos mercados externos; que o grau de adaptação dos benefícios do produto influencia positivamente a imagem da marca nos mercados externos e que o grau de adaptação do elemento pessoas (colaboradores) das empresas influencia positivamente a confiança nos mercados externos.

Originalidade e Valor: Este estudo procura responder a uma lacuna identificada na literatura, ao nível dos determinantes e consequências associados à adaptação vs. standardização das estratégias de marketing internacional. O debate da adaptação vs. standardização do marketing-mix tem sido pautado por conclusões contraditórias; salienta-se por isso, na literatura, a necessidade de futuras investigações empíricas que permitam medir a influência relativa de diferentes fatores subjacentes a esta decisão estratégica. O presente estudo pretende contribuir para este corpus de conhecimento, aumentando-o com base nos dados recolhidos em contexto real, a partir da experiência de empresas que estão no terreno e que já possuem (maior ou menor) experiência de internacionalização.

 

Palavras-chave: internacionalização, distância cultural, adaptação, standardização, imagem de marca, confiança

 

 

[ENG]

Title: "The Impact of Marketing-Mix Adaptation on Brand Image and International Customer Confidence"

Abstract

Purpose: The objective of this study is to analyze factors that managers consider determinant to define the strategic level of adaptation of the marketing mix in the international target markets, as well as to analyze the consequences of this adaptation strategy. It is intended, on the one hand, to assess the influence exerted by the experience of business internationalization and cultural distance in the strategy of adapting the different elements of the marketing mix, and on the other hand, to analyze the consequences of this strategy on the brand image and confidence of the consumers.

Methodology/approach: Data collection was carried out through the application of an online questionnaire addressed to exporting companies, obtaining 117 valid responses. The hypotheses were tested using secondary information sources, using structural equations (SEM) estimated in the PLS (Partial Least Squares) software.

Results: The results suggest that the internationalization experience positively influences the adaptation of the product and people elements (collaborators) of the marketing-mix; that cultural distance positively influences the adaptation of price and distribution elements in foreign markets; that the degree of adaptation of the product benefits positively influences the brand image in foreign markets and that the degree of adaptation of the people (employees) element of companies positively influences confidence in external markets.

Originality/value: This study seeks to respond to a gap identified in the literature, in terms of the determinants and consequences associated with adaptation vs. standardization of international marketing strategies. The adaptation vs. debate standardization of marketing-mix has been guided by contradictory conclusions; for this reason, the need for future empirical investigations is highlighted in the literature, in order to measure the relative influence of different factors underlying this strategic decision. This study aims to contribute to this corpus of knowledge, increasing it based on data collected in a real context, based on the experience of companies that are in the field and that already have (more or less) internationalization experience.

 

Keywords: internationalization, cultural distance, adaptation, standardization, brand image, trust.


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European Journal of Applied Business and Management

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